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妊娠晚期和哺乳期日粮纤维来源对母猪生产性能、乳汁质量和仔猪肠道健康的影响

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查看次数：7427

时间：2020-01-16

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加两种来源的纤维：甜菜渣（SBP）和麦麸（WB），对母猪生产性能、乳汁质量和仔猪肠道健康的影响。选取45头妊娠85天的经产母猪，随机分到3个试验处理组中：1）玉米-豆粕基础饲粮（CON组）；2）在CON基础日粮的基础上，妊娠期添加20% SBP，哺乳期添加10% SBP（SBP组）；3）CON基础日粮的基础上，妊娠期添加30% WB和泌乳期添加15% WB （WB组）。

母仔猪
试验数据显示，与CON组相比，SBP组日粮显著提高了泌乳期母猪ADFI、断奶窝重和仔猪体重、仔猪ADG，同时增加了初乳中免疫球蛋白IgA和白介素IL-10水平，乳汁中IgA含量（P < 0.05），而WB组日粮仅仅增加了乳汁中IL-10水平（P < 0.05）。SBP组母猪所产仔猪中血清生长激素（GH）和胰岛素样生长因子-1水平相较于WB组和CON组显著增加（P < 0.05），而WB组仔猪相较于对照组仔猪血清GH水平显著升高（P < 0.05）。SBP和WB组仔猪血清二胺氧化酶活性、内毒素、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平显著降低（P < 0.05）。相比于对照组，SBP组仔猪血清IL-10水平也显著增加（P < 0.05）。而SBP和WB组仔猪的回肠TNF-α的mRNA表达量降低（P < 0.05）。与WB和CON组比较，SBP组仔猪降低了回肠中IL-6表达水平（P < 0.05），而提高了IL-10和分泌型免疫球蛋白A（SIgA）的表达水平（P < 0.05）；与对照组相比，WB组仔猪IL-10和SIgA水平显著增加（P < 0.05）。SBP组仔猪回肠闭锁蛋白的mRNA表达明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）。WB组仔猪的回肠ZO-1的mRNA表达明显高于对照组（P < 0.05），但是显著低于SBP组仔猪（P < 0.05）。SBP组仔猪结肠中克里斯滕森菌科的微生物相对丰度和丁酸水平显著增加（P < 0.05），而WB组仔猪的乳杆菌科的微生物相对丰度显著提高（P < 0.05）。
综上所述，在改善母体乳汁质量、提高生产性能和仔猪肠道屏障功能、肠道炎症方面，在母猪日粮中添加SBP相对于WB来说，效果更明显。

Effects of dietary fiber sources during late gestation and lactation on sow performance, milk quality, and intestinal health in piglets

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with 2 sources of fiber, sugar beet pulp (SBP), and wheat bran (WB), on sow performance, milk quality, and intestinal health in piglets. Forty-five multiparous sows at day 85 of gestation were allocated to the following 3 treatments: 1) a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON); 2) the CON diet supplemented with 20% SBP in gestation and 10% SBP in lactation (SBP); and 3) the CON diet supplemented with 30% WB in gestation and 15% WB in lactation (WB). The SBP diets increased (P < 0.05) sow ADFI during lactation, litter and piglet weaning weight, piglet ADG, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in the colostrum and IgA levels in the milk, while the WB diets only increased (P < 0.05) IL-10 levels in the milk when compared with the CON diets. Piglets from SBP-fed sows had greater (P < 0.05) serum growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels than those from WB-fed or CON-fed sows, whereas piglets from WB-fed sows had greater (P < 0.05) serum GH levels than those from CON-fed sows. Serum diamine oxidase activity, endotoxin, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were reduced (P < 0.05) in piglets from SBP-fed or WB-fed sows. Piglets from SBP-fed sows also had greater (P < 0.05) serum IL-10 levels than those from CON-fed sows. The ileal mRNA expression of TNF-α was reduced (P < 0.05) in piglets from SBP-fed or WB-fed sows. Piglets from SBP-fed sows had lower (P < 0.05) IL-6 expression, and greater (P < 0.05) IL-10 expression and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in the ileum than those from WB- or CON-fed sows. Piglets from WB-fed sows had greater (P < 0.05) IL-10 expression and SIgA levels compared with those from CON-fed sows. The ileal mRNA expression of occludin in the ileum was greater (P < 0.05) in piglets from SBP-fed sows than those from CON-fed sows. The ileal mRNA expression of ZO-1 was greater (P < 0.05) in piglets from WB-fed sows than those from CON-fed sows, but lower (P < 0.05) than those from SBP-fed sows. Piglets from SBP-fed sows had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of Christensenellaceae and butyrate levels in the colon, while piglets from WB-fed sows had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of Lactobacillaceae. Collectively, maternal SBP supplementation was more effective than WB in improving milk quality, enhancing growth performance and intestinal barrier function, and ameliorating intestinal inflammation in piglets.

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